Securing Funding

How do Tribes develop environmental programs?

Tribes often rely on funding sources such as the Indian Environmental General Assistance Program, Brownfields Tribal Response Program funding under CERCLA section 128(a), and Tribal Grants under Section 106 of the Clean Water Act to allocate staff for building the capacity needed to apply for additional cleanup funding sources such as Superfund cooperative agreements. Additionally, staff funded under these other programs may continue to be engaged with the coordination of activities with EPA and other agencies/organizations involved in the Superfund process after entering into a cooperative agreement with EPA.

Superfund Funding Sources and Technical Assistance

EPA Superfund Cooperative Agreements (CA) include: Core Program CA, Support Agency CA, Pre-Remedial Response CA, Remedial Response CA, Enforcement CA, and Removal Response CA. To learn more about the types of Superfund Cooperative Agreements available to Tribes working on Superfund sites watch Tribal Funding Opportunities at Superfund Responses Video (14-minute webinar presentation by EPA recorded in 2016) describing the different types of cooperative agreements that are available on ITEP’s Superfund Cooperative Agreements: A Federal Perspective video channel.

Tribal Case Studies Funded with EPA Superfund Cooperative Agreements

Tribal Remedial Actions Tar Creek Superfund Site Videos

(20-minute webinar presentation by EPA recorded in 2016) provides a brief history of the Tar Creek Superfund site and an overview of the work performed by the Quapaw Tribe of Oklahoma and the requirements associated with the Remedial Response Cooperative Agreements between EPA and the Quapaw Tribe of Oklahoma.

Quapaw Tribe of Oaklahoma Involvment at Tar Creek, Tribal-Led Remedial Action, and Soil Amendments Video

(30-minute webinar presentation by Quapaw Tribe of Oklahoma representative  recorded in 2016) provides a detailed history of the Tar Creek Superfund site and an overview of the work performed by the Quapaw Tribe of Oklahoma.

St. Regis Mohawk Tribe Overview for the General Motors and 2 Alcoa Superfund Sites Video

(20-minute webinar presentation by St. Regis Mohawk Tribal representatives) provides a history of the St. Regis Mohawk Tribe Evironmental Division, Superfund sites, Tribal cleanup standards, Core and Support Agency Cooperative Agreements, and tips for Tribes. 

Superfund Core Program Cooperative Agreements

Superfund Core Program Cooperative Agreements provide funds to a Tribe to conduct CERCLA implementation activities that are not assignable to specific sites but are intended to develop and maintain a Tribe’s ability to participate in the CERCLA response program. For example, the St. Regis Mohawk Tribe used this funding to focus on administrative and technical training of staff to permit them to effectively and safely respond to releases of hazardous materials and conduct site assessments at sites where hazardous substances might be found, and develop health and safety plans. The St. Regis Mohawk Tribe was then able to enter into Support Agency Cooperative Agreements with EPA for specific Superfund sites. Support Agency CAs provide funding for a Tribe to furnish necessary data to the lead agency, review response data and documents, and provide other assistance to the lead agency. Support Agency CAs are site-specific.

See 40 CFR Parts 9 and 35 Cooperative Agreements and Superfund State Contracts for Superfund Response Actions; Final Rule and contact EPA regional representatives for the Superfund Remedial Program in Indian Country for additional information on applying for a Superfund Cooperative Agreement.

EPA’s Land Cleanup Funding Authorities Available to Tribal Governments is a document that contains a description for statutory authorities and the related grant program with Tribal eligibility.

Superfund Technical Assistance Grants provide funds for qualified citizen’s groups affected by a Superfund site to hire independent technical advisors to help them understand and comment on site-related information, and thus participate in cleanup decisions.

Technical Assistance Services for Communities (TASC) Program provides independent assistance through an EPA contract to help communities better understand the science, regulations and policies of environmental issues and EPA actions. TASC services can include information assistance and expertise, community education, plan development, and assistance to help community members work together to participate effectively in environmental decision-making.

EPA’s Superfund Technical Support and Resource Centers provides sources of technical support for Superfund and RCRA Corrective Action program staff.

EPA’s Superfund Job Training Initiative (SuperJTI) is an environmental remediation job readiness program that provides free training and employment opportunities affected by Superfund sites. SuperJTI Brochure.

Additional Funding Sources

There are multiple regulatory programs that apply to different types of contaminated sites. For example, if a site is determined to be a Superfund site, cleanup is subject to the requirements of that program. Although there is overlap between program requirements, Tribes should rely on information sources focused on the type of site they are addressing. See TLAC’s Contaminated Sites webpages to identify Tribal governments’ distinct roles in cleanup of different types of contaminated sites and to learn about the programs, funding opportunities, and resources that are available under CERCLA and other federal laws to assist your Tribe with planning, site investigation, and cleanup.  Additionally, you can learn more at EPA’s Cleaning Up, Protecting and Preserving Tribal Lands website and EPA’s Basic Information about Cleanups website.